IRA Calculator

Traditional IRA contributions are typically tax-deductible now, and you pay income tax when you withdraw the money in retirement. Roth IRA contributions are made with after-tax dollars (no upfront deduction), but qualified withdrawals in retirement - including all investment growth - are completely tax-free.

As a rule of thumb, a Roth IRA tends to come out ahead if you expect to be in the same or a higher tax bracket in retirement than you are now (common for younger savers early in their careers). A Traditional IRA tends to come out ahead if you expect a lower tax bracket in retirement. This calculator compares both based on the tax rates you enter.

Yes. For 2026, Roth IRA contributions phase out for single filers with modified adjusted gross income roughly between $153,000 and $168,000, and for married couples filing jointly roughly between $242,000 and $252,000. Traditional IRA contributions have no income limit, though the tax deduction may be limited if you (or your spouse) are covered by a workplace retirement plan. Always confirm current thresholds at irs.gov.

Withdrawals before age 59½ are generally subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty plus any income tax owed (for Traditional IRAs) or tax on earnings (for Roth IRAs), with some exceptions such as a first home purchase (up to $10,000), qualified education expenses, or certain medical costs. Roth IRA contributions (not earnings) can usually be withdrawn at any time without tax or penalty since they were already taxed.

This calculator provides an estimate based on the constant contribution, return rate and tax rates you enter. It does not account for changing contribution limits, fluctuating market returns, state taxes, or required minimum distributions (RMDs). Use it for general planning only and consult a financial or tax advisor for personalised advice.